You really notice how much is borrowed from English. Most of them are English words written out as close as they can phonetically. The simple angular characters, katakana, is an "italics" version of their normal syllabary used in writing. I've forgotten most of what I learned ages ago when I took it in school but I can still read katakana, so usually it's just a matter of sounding it out.
It's interesting that the English pronounciation of Earth is used in Japanese to specifically mean an earth ground connection. It sounds like ass when you say it (they replace the r sound with short a, and th with s). Interestingly, their word for ass uses our word for robber, I guess you're a considered a real jerk there if you steal. The term for "eject" actually has their (well, our) word for "cassette" in it (kasetto haishutsu). They pronounce "meter" with a short e, and "microphone" is just "mic" (pronounced "maiku")
My favorite one isn't on the list: boombox. They took the first part of radio (rah-jee-oh) and the first part of cassette (kah-seh-toh) to make rajikase. Rah-jee-kah-seh. Heh!