The way I understand DC power demands is this.
Voltage is more critical and should generally be within a 3% tolerance of suggested voltage. They realize that there is a +/- percent of margin here because a properly working car DC system can swing from 12.6 all the way to 14.4. Even though the jack says 12V, 10 D batteries at 1.5V is 15V so we know this is still a safe range.
As superduper touched on, they probably stamped 12V on case by the jack because they knew that there was a high possibility someone would use an unregulated PS, that when idle, could output voltage out of the safety range. Had they stated 15 or 16V and someone used an unregulated PS rated for 15 or 16V, it could push the voltage over 16V and damage could occur.
Again, I personally keep the listed voltage within a 3% tolerance. The mAh/amperage output of the PS should meet the power consumption of unit using cautions DC math equation but can exceed it without any issues. Supplying too little mAh/amperage overloads PS circuitry and will cause poor radio performance and an overheating PS at high demand but you could have a regulated PS with a DC output of 12-15/16Volts capable of supplying 10,000mAh (10A) and they'd both be happy. The box would merely sip the 3300 measly milliamps at most...and the PS will run cool because it is only providing a fraction of its potential mAh output level.
Of course all this could be made easier (when the option is available) by plugging it in. All you'd need to focus on then would be AC voltage and leave the rest up to the engineers at JVC
